Social and emotional well being problems are distinct from mental illness, although the two interact and influence each other.    Even with good social and emotional well being people can still experience mental illness, and people with a long-term mental health condition can live and function at a high level with adequate support.  

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience higher rates of both social and emotional well being problems and some mental disorders than other Australians. While a range of healing responses can be provided, responding to social and emotional well being problems and mental ill health is the core business of the health sector, including both primary care and mental health services.

However, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience reduced access to community based mental health care, particularly care that is sensitive to their specific needs. Social and emotional well being problems can result from: grief; loss; trauma; abuse; violence; substance misuse; physical health problems; child development problems; gender identity issues; child removals; incarceration; family breakdown; cultural dislocation; racism; and social disadvantage.